What is the 5 Whys Formula

 The 5 Whys is a simple but powerful problem-solving technique used to explore the root cause of an issue by asking "Why?" five times in succession. It is commonly used in quality improvement, Lean manufacturing, and root cause analysis (RCA).

✅ What is the 5 Whys Formula?

It is not a mathematical formula but a method. The core idea is:

> Keep asking “Why?” until you reach the real root cause of a problem — often around 5 times, but not always exactly 5.

🔧 How Does 5 Whys Work?

1. Identify the Problem

Clearly describe the issue you're facing.

2. Ask "Why?" the Problem Occurred

Get a reason or cause.

3. Ask "Why?" Again

Based on the answer, dig deeper.

4. Repeat Until You Find the Root Cause

Often by the 5th "Why", the underlying issue is found.

5. Fix the Root Cause

Take action to eliminate the real issue, not just the symptom.

📌 Example:

Problem: The machine stopped working.

1️⃣ Why did the machine stop?

➤ Because it overloaded and the fuse blew.

2️⃣ Why was there an overload?

➤ Because the bearing was not lubricated.

3️⃣ Why was it not lubricated?

➤ Because the maintenance was not done.

4️⃣ Why was maintenance not done?

➤ Because the maintenance schedule was not followed.

5️⃣ Why was it not followed?

➤ Because no one was assigned responsibility.

✅ Root Cause: Lack of clear responsibility in the maintenance schedule.

🧠 When to Use the 5 Whys:

For root cause analysis of a problem.

When solving repetitive quality issues.

During CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) in pharmaceutical or manufacturing.

⚠️ Tips:

It’s okay to stop before or go beyond 5 "Whys" if needed.

Use it with a team to get multiple viewpoints.

Don’t blame people — focus on process fa

ilures